Most people you’d need to help are family members — 79.2% of cardiac arrests happen at home. When someone performs CPR, the survival rate jumps from 3…
Cost
This costs nothing. A CPR course from the Red Cross or a hospital lasts half a day to a fu…
Benefit
Meta-analysis of 79 studies involving 142,740 participants shows that overall, only 7.6% o…
This guidance is primarily aimed at one’s own elderly relatives and people you know well. First, check whether they’re breathing; if not, follow step …
Cost
No money is required. Kneeling down to ask a few questions and making a phone call takes o…
Benefit
The Ministry of Health’s “Technical Guidelines for Intervention in Elderly Falls” states t…
If someone’s face suddenly droops, they can’t lift one arm, and their speech becomes slurred, call 120 right away. Administering medication within 3 h…
Cost
No cost at all. These three steps are easy to remember: ask the person to smile, raise bot…
Benefit
This conclusion comes from a meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials involving 6,756 patient…
Out of 736 stroke cases, 14.1% showed none of the classic FAST symptoms at onset — no facial droop, no arm weakness, no slurred speech. Relying solely…
Cost
No cost involved. Besides the three FAST signs — facial droop, arm weakness, and speech di…
Benefit
In 2014, researchers at the University of Kentucky Stroke Center reviewed 736 cases of acu…
When one eye suddenly goes dark, as if a curtain has been pulled shut, it means a blockage has occurred in the blood vessels at the back of the eye. T…
Cost
No direct cost. However, emergency evaluation and vascular testing will take up half a day…
Benefit
The 2021 scientific statement from the American Heart Association on central retinal arter…
This is an acute glaucoma attack. Fluid can’t drain from the eye, so pressure spikes quickly. The longer it goes untreated, the more damage occurs to …
Cost
No cost at all. An emergency eye exam includes measuring intraocular pressure and checking…
Benefit
An eye hospital in Wuhan compared two groups of patients with acute primary angle-closure …
If you feel chest pressure, tightness, or heaviness that lasts over 15 minutes without easing up, call 120 right away. For patients treated within 55 …
Cost
No cost at all.
Benefit
Israel conducted a nationwide study on acute coronary syndrome. The research focused on pa…
This condition causes a tearing-like pain that starts in the chest and travels down the back and waist. When calling 120, state clearly that it is "a …
Cost
No cost at all.
Benefit
The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) includes data from 464 patien…
The key point isn’t how intense the pain is, but how quickly it reaches its peak. In 2,131 people experiencing severe headaches that peaked within an …
Cost
An emergency visit itself costs very little. A head CT in the ER typically runs a few hund…
Benefit
Ten Canadian emergency departments conducted a prospective cohort study on 2,131 patients …
After a head injury, blood usually starts accumulating only around the third week. At the time of impact, there may be absolutely no symptoms at all, …
Cost
A single cranial CT scan costs roughly 200–300 RMB.
Benefit
The Neurosurgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association has published a Chinese exper…
If one leg suddenly swells, becomes noticeably thicker than the other, and is painful to press, get a leg vein ultrasound done as soon as possible. Sh…
Cost
An ultrasound of the leg veins (lower extremity venous ultrasound) costs around 100–200 yu…
Benefit
The International Cooperative Registry on Pulmonary Embolism (ICOPER) gathered data from 2…
Begin by pressing hard on the wound with your hand or a cloth; if bleeding on a limb persists, fasten a tourniquet and call 120 right away. Once appli…
Cost
A twist-style tourniquet costs anywhere from a few dozen to over a hundred yuan; it can ea…
Benefit
Over six years, 11 Level I trauma centers in Texas treated 1,026 patients with limb vascul…
Once rabies symptoms appear, the fatality rate is practically 100%. Rinsing with soap and water followed by vaccination is the sole safeguard. First, …
Cost
Rinsing requires no expense. The full course of rabies vaccination costs several hundred y…
Benefit
According to the 2023 guidelines issued by China’s National Disease Control and Prevention…
Rinsing a burn with cool running water for at least 20 minutes within 3 hours of injury reduces the likelihood of needing skin grafts to roughly 60% o…
Cost
No cost involved. It requires 20 minutes of time.
Benefit
An Australian study followed 2,495 children with burns. For kids who rinsed the burn with …
If someone suddenly develops a full-body rash along with trouble breathing or dizziness, treat it as anaphylactic shock. Call 120 right away and clear…
Cost
No cost involved. However, people with known severe allergies must purchase epinephrine au…
Benefit
Epinephrine is the recommended first-line treatment for all grades of anaphylactic shock (…
Move any hard objects away from the person. Lay them on their side with their mouth facing down, and start timing the seizure. Don’t hold them down, d…
Cost
No cost at all.
Benefit
This approach prevents injuries to teeth and jaws caused by forcing the mouth open or inse…
First, give 15 grams of sugar — sugar cubes or a small carton of juice both work fine. Retest blood sugar levels after 15 minutes; if they’re still lo…
Cost
No cost involved. Just keep a few sugar cubes or a small carton of juice on hand.
Benefit
A blood sugar level below 3.0 mmol/L qualifies as clinically meaningful hypoglycemia. If a…
First, turn off the power, or use a dry wooden stick to move the electrical source away before touching the victim. Pulling them by hand directly can …
Cost
No cost involved.
Benefit
This approach prevents rescuers from getting electrocuted as well, avoiding a situation wh…
When the alarm sounds, or when multiple people in one room start experiencing headaches, nausea, and dizziness, move everyone outdoors first and then …
Cost
No cost at all.
Benefit
According to China’s disease surveillance system, 11,523 people died from carbon monoxide …
If someone swallows detergent, pesticides, or medicine, do not make them vomit — spitting out corrosive liquids would burn the esophagus all over agai…
Cost
No cost involved. Simply keep detergents, disinfectants, pesticides, and medicines out of …
Benefit
The Chinese CDC provides four distinct response protocols. For ingestion: drink milk or eg…
Follow three simple steps. First, strip off any clothing, shoes and socks that have been exposed — the areas covered by fabric sustain the worst injur…
Cost
No cost involved. On your first day at work, locate the eyewash stations and safety shower…
Benefit
These three on‑site actions are vital. First, promptly removing contaminated clothing prev…
Red, hot skin, slurred speech and confusion are signs of heatstroke. It can take just minutes for someone to go from feeling dizzy to losing conscious…
Cost
No cost at all.
Benefit
The U.S. National Weather Service describes heatstroke as a “serious medical emergency.” I…
Only conscious individuals should drink. Consume cool, lightly salted water or sports drinks in small portions, about 500–1000 ml per hour. Do not dri…
Cost
No cost involved. A bottle of sports drink costs just a few yuan.
Benefit
The Chinese CDC published the “Guidelines on Prevention and Emergency Treatment of Heatstr…
Drop to the ground and crawl toward the nearest exit, staying under any smoke layer. Before opening a door, touch the handle and door surface first; i…
Cost
Installing one or two standalone smoke detectors at home costs only a few dozen yuan. It’s…
Benefit
FEMA’s official fire escape guidance matches these steps exactly: “Drop to the ground and …
A drowning person instinctively pulls their rescuer underwater, so anyone who enters the water risks drowning too. The proper sequence is: shout for h…
Cost
No cost involved. The hard part is resisting the urge to jump in.
Benefit
WHO reports that about 300,000 drownings occur worldwide each year, with 92% occurring in …
First ask, “Are you choking? Can you speak?” If the person can still cough forcefully or make sounds, let them keep coughing — coughing often dislodge…
Cost
No cost involved. To perform the technique: make a fist with one hand and place it just ab…
Benefit
According to the original text from the U.S. National Library of Medicine: First ask, “Are…
Stay right where you are, preferably next to your vehicle — it serves as the best shelter from the sun. The proper sequence is: if you have a signal, …
Cost
Before venturing into such areas, inform someone of your planned route, destination, retur…
Benefit
The National Park Service’s Mojave Desert page lists three key statements: “Each person ne…
When body temperature drops below 35°C, hypothermia sets in. Victims start to shiver, speak unclearly, walk unsteadily, and have trouble thinking. Rem…
Cost
An emergency thermal blanket costs just a few dollars, plus a spare dry set of clothes. Le…
Benefit
According to the U.S. National Weather Service, any body temperature below 95°F (35°C) ind…
Sit down and stay motionless; immobilize the bitten limb. Remove any rings or watches right away, as swelling will set in quickly. Get to a hospital w…
Cost
No cost involved. The key is knowing in advance which nearby hospitals stock antivenom; th…
Benefit
The WHO lists three key recommendations: “Immediately immobilize the affected body part an…
First, determine what kind of building you’re in. For structures built after 2001 that meet seismic codes, you’ll need to go down stairs or through a …
Cost
No cost at all. Just take a moment beforehand to see how many steps it takes to reach the …
Benefit
The China Earthquake Administration’s educational video “Earthquake: Hide or Run?” promote…
Never run — bears can sprint uphill or downhill just as fast as racehorses. Also, don’t climb trees; both black bears and brown bears are excellent cl…
Cost
No cost involved. When heading into the mountains, bring a hiking pole, hike in a group, a…
Benefit
The original guidelines issued by the U.S. National Park Service on bear encounters contai…
There is no safe spot outdoors during a thunderstorm. You must get into a hard-topped vehicle or building; convertibles and motorcycles do not qualify…
Cost
No monetary cost. The downside is that your trip gets interrupted for at least half an hou…
Benefit
There is no safe spot outdoors during a thunderstorm. It is only safe to leave 30 minutes …
This guideline focuses on sleeping altitude, not daytime elevation. Sleeping above 2,450 meters already poses a risk of altitude sickness. Once above …
Cost
It requires an extra day or two for acclimatization. Preventive medications are prescripti…
Benefit
Sleeping above 2,450 meters increases the risk of altitude sickness. Without prompt descen…
Use fine-point tweezers to grasp the tick’s head right against the skin, then pull steadily outward. Never apply oil, use heat, or yank sideways — doi…
Cost
A pair of fine-point tweezers.
Benefit
Applying oil, using heat, or pulling sideways can provoke the tick to release infectious f…
Any microbes capable of causing illness through water are killed within seconds at boiling temperature. Boiling for an additional minute simply provid…
Cost
You’ll need to carry extra weight in the form of a stove and fuel.
Benefit
All microbes that can cause disease via water are inactivated within seconds at boiling te…
Give him the money, do not fight back, and do not argue. By demanding a few hundred yuan, he is committing robbery — a crime punishable by at least th…
Cost
The cash you have on you. The real challenge is keeping your temper in check.
Benefit
Your life is far more valuable than a few hundred yuan. The offender is committing a serio…
If you intervene, your actions shift from “trying to calm things down” to “taking part in a fight.” Participating in a group brawl can land you in pri…
Cost
No money is required. The hard part is resisting the urge to step in and the temptation to…
Benefit
Article 292 of the Criminal Law states: “Those who lead or actively take part in group bra…
If you suspect you’ve been exposed to HIV, 72 hours is the hard deadline — ideally you should start PEP within 2 hours. The medication must be taken f…
Cost
A full 28‑day course of PEP can cost thousands of yuan; in most regions it must be paid ou…
Benefit
The Beijing Municipal Government’s HIV‑prevention outreach defines this as “post‑exposure …
If you get hurt while saving someone, you’re not simply out of luck. Those injured while acting in the public interest should receive treatment first,…
Cost
There is no direct expense. However, submitting the application requires paperwork, waitin…
Benefit
Article 183 of the Civil Code states: “Anyone who suffers harm while protecting another pe…
Pulling out the object can cause severe bleeding and makes it harder for doctors to assess the extent of the injury. The correct approach is to call 1…
Cost
No cost involved. The hard part is resisting the instinct to “pull it out” and instead sta…
Benefit
The 2025 International First Aid Guidelines from the International Federation of Red Cross…
Any injury to a limb should be treated as a possible fracture at first — being able to stand or move does not rule it out; only an X‑ray can confirm i…
Cost
No cost involved. Use a stiff board, rolled‑up magazines, or clothing as a splint. Wrap co…
Benefit
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies released its 2025 Int…
Physical traces on the body, on clothing, and in the room are the most crucial evidence for identifying the perpetrator. Therefore, avoid showering, w…
Cost
Calling the police costs nothing. Emergency contraceptives are over-the-counter medicines …
Benefit
Prosecutors from the Beijing People’s Procuratorate state: “Whether minors or adults, anyo…
If the child can still cough or cry audibly, let them cough while you watch closely. If they cannot cry, their face turns blue, call 120, lay the baby…
Cost
No cost. Watch a demonstration once or take a short infant first-aid class — a few minutes…
Benefit
The American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics issued 2025 pediatric ba…
No response to foot stimulation and no normal breathing — call 120 on speakerphone and do not stop. Encircle the chest with both hands and compress wi…
Cost
No cost. Infant CPR takes one hands-on class, half a day to a full day. The hard parts are…
Benefit
The American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics 2025 pediatric basic lif…
A button battery lodged in the esophagus can generate caustic electrical burns that cause irreversible necrosis within 2 hours, even while the child a…
Cost
Zero financial outlay for prevention; emergency diagnostic X-rays and endoscopic/surgical …
Benefit
Data from the National Poison Data System spanning 1985 to 2009 showed a 6.7-fold increase…
An intoxicated person who loses consciousness can choke to death on their own vomitus or suffer respiratory arrest. Place them on their side in the re…
Cost
Zero monetary cost. Care requires several hours of vigilant physical observation, often la…
Benefit
NHS clinical guidelines list key signs of acute alcohol poisoning: severe mental confusion…
First apply direct firm pressure to the stump wound to halt bleeding and call emergency services. Wrap the severed digit in clean damp gauze, place it…
Cost
Zero financial cost for emergency preservation; emergency microvascular replantation and h…
Benefit
MedlinePlus emergency protocols instruct: apply direct manual pressure to the amputation s…
Handle the knocked-out tooth strictly by its white crown and never touch the root surface. If dirty, rinse gently with milk or sterile saline; if poss…
Cost
Zero financial cost for first-aid preservation; subsequent dental repositioning, splinting…
Benefit
NHS emergency guidance for a knocked-out tooth dictates: hold the tooth strictly by the cr…
Enlarge illustration